![]() ![]() I like this approach, as it gives gamers the chance to play through the games and experience the levels without worrying about a Game Over or hashing up special stages along the way. You can also use the coins to unlock some of the bonus content like artwork, music tracks and videos in the Museum. You get Infinite lives as well as earning coins as you play through the levels, which you can use for things like retrying special stages to nab those chaos emeralds and become Super Sonic. What is new though is the ‘anniversary mode’ which presents the games in full widescreen but with some extra treats. ![]() You have the choice of playing the games in 4:3 just like you would on a Mega Drive with standard rules in which case they are pretty similar to the originals, so nothing new there. When it comes to Sonic 1, CD and Sonic 2, these are modified versions of the mobile ports that were built off the same engine, which is an interesting call. ![]() ![]() This is some of the same crew that also helped make Sonic Mania a few years back. The original code has gone out the window and in its place are versions built on the ‘retro’ engine by Head Cannon with a little help from Christian Whitehead. Sonic Mania Plus will be out this Summer, as either a $30 boxed retail title, or as a paid upgrade (price to be announced) for existing digital editions of the game.In Sonic Origins, these aren’t emulated versions of the classics, they are more like relatively identical remakes. Of questionable value, although expect to see them worn at many a geek convention over the next few years. You can see a little (slightly unfinished) clip of the first episode here.Īlso announced at SXSW was a weird little bit of cross-promotion: Official Sonic The Hedgehog branded shoes, in classic blue/red/gold colours, produced by Puma. The first episode of Sonic Mania Adventures will be out within the next month, and each successive episode released on a roughly monthly basis. Just because there's an increased focus on storytelling in the Adventures animation doesn't mean that they're going to be chatty - the world of Classic Sonic remains mute, and their tales will be told without spoken dialogue, putting even more weight on the artist's shoulders, but we believe that they can pull it off. Sonic Mania Adventures is a series of five animated shorts from the same art crew that produced Mania's brilliant opening, which we've embedded above, just because it's lovely, and you should watch it again. They're also expanding the Competition Mode of the game to support up to four players.įor those unwilling to part company with any additional money, there's a nice little extra coming free for everyone later in the year. While they didn't go into great detail, Sonic Mania Plus will also be adding a New Game+ variant called Encore Mode, which apparently promises graphical changes and some other surprises as you go through the game a second time. While the price for the DLC upgrade is yet to be announced, and no firm date has been pinned down for its release (although it will be out this Summer, one way or another), we do at least know what the upgraded version will add: Two more of Sonic's lesser known friends - Mighty the Armadillo and Ray the Flying Squirrel - will be playable in the new edition, originally co-protagonists from the obscure trackball-controlled SegaSonic The Hedgehog arcade game. Update: In the closing moments of the Sonic panel, they teased a new Sonic racing game, too. The panel is still live at the time of writing, but the final recording should be available here once it's all wrapped up. Sonic Mania Plus was announced just minutes ago at the Sonic panel at the South By Southwest film festival's gaming wing. While not quite the full sequel announcement we've been hoping for, the game is getting a physical retail re-launch under the name Sonic Mania Plus, and the new content will be available as paid DLC for anyone who already owns the game. If only there was a little bit more of it. Backed fully by Sega, it recaptured the spirit of what made that weird blue hedgehog a cultural icon through the '90s and beyond. A glorified fan-game by some of the best and brightest creators in a scene that's often looked down on and frequently sneered at. I'm still in a state of mild disbelief that Sonic Mania even exists. ![]()
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![]() ![]() I assume what you meant is that it's updating or grabbing 5 processes every second. But when I run these three my CPU temperature shoots up almost 43. Mondtholomews clock, player, and visualizer. I installed a couple different skins and mainly use 3. ![]() Im running Windows 11 on a Beelink SER5 Mini PC. It's set to update every 1000ms or every 1 second. W isp Rainmeter skin is what we can call a perfect blending of a Rainmeter skin and a wallpaper. Im new to Rainmeter, wondering if anyone has any input on this. It's a noticeable increase, but nothing like what you're experiencing.Īlso, you're skin doesn't update 5 times a second like you mentioned. When I load your skin it's usage range changes to 0.1 - 0.9%. I typically have Rainmeter idling around 0.1 - 0.6% usage on my CPU. Core n (nany number): Actual temperature of a particular CPU core. ![]() CPU Package (TSI): Available on pre-Zen AMD CPUs is the CPU temperature obtained via TSI interface. I don't see any noticeable spike in my Rainmeter usage when loading your skin exactly as you've given it. CPU Package: Shown on Intel CPUs represents a 256-millisecond average value (calculated by CPU) of the hottest temperature sensor within the CPU package. Legacy Color Name Support-Ī few quick questions Are you using a 32bit or 64bit version of Rainmeter and what is your OS version? Do you have the most recent Beta Build of Rainmeter installed? You can get the most recent build, Rainmeter 3.2 Beta (r2311) which is current as of from the direct download link here. In the HWinfo gadget tab, Core temperatures is set to yes for the CPU. I enabled the reporting to gadget and shared memory too so thats also why the CPU one works. Or is the only solution to not poll the list of processes 5 times every second? I enabled the temperature in the settings for GPU/CPU but the GPU doesnt read at all for temps. ![]() ![]() ![]() Jesus “Chucho” Castro (Fredy Yate), one of her drug enforcers, violently turned away her petulant son Dixon (Orlando Pineda) with a punch to the face when the Blanco child tried to get Chucho to take the fall with the cops over him irrationally shooting in the club. ![]() In Griselda, Blanco reveals she follows a similar moral code. A coked-up Tony Montana (Al Pacino) in Scarface had enough of a conscience to kill an assassin he was helping when they were fine with blowing up a car with a child inside of it. They somehow still come off as tame compared to what actually happened Griselda killed two-year-old Johnny Castro and enjoyed itįictional drug kingpins will inflict unseemly harm on any and everyone except children. Two of the most gruesome parts of Griselda were inspired by real events. People have also gone on record saying she would watch and laugh as her children got high on coke at three years old, once had a woman's fingernails torn out before killing her, and had every one of her three husbands murdered. You'd need every appendage on your body (and probably a few from the corpses she's littered throughout the world) to account for the murders orchestrated by the real Griselda Blanco, a woman who former Miami-Dade drug homicide detective Al Singleton estimated in 1994 was responsible for at least 40 deaths. While she orders and commits several murders in the show's six episodes, you can count on two hands how many people die because of her. The real Griselda Blanco's life may have you choking on shock. The Andrés Baiz-helmed series will quench your thirst for suspense and murder. She wields a gold-plated Uzi, orders the killings of witnesses in front of their child, has a rival drug dealer's house bombed, and forces people to strip and crawl around like animals at gunpoint-the typical acts of a megalomaniacal tyrant on enough drugs to tranquilize Cocaine Bear. Sofia Vergara plays Blanco as she grows her cocaine business from being transported in the lining of women's underwear to an empire that corners the entire Miami market. ![]() The series begins with that Escobar quote to prepare you for what's to come. The show depicts a portion of the life of Griselda Blanco, the preeminent drug empress of the '70s and '80s, who was so vicious she inspired Pablo Escobar to say, "The only man I was ever afraid of was a woman named Griselda Blanco.” This is a man who once bombed a plane in an attempt to kill one person, and Griselda Blanco had him shaking in his chancletas. Trust me when I say that whatever you see on Griselda is nothing compared to the actual actions of the woman the show is based on. You may also already have seen the streamer's entire Narcos universe and become desensitized to cartel killings and cocaine trafficking. ![]() THERE'S A GOOD chance you'll watch Netflix's limited series Griseldaand come away horrified of what you've witnessed. *Warning: This post contains spoilers about Netflix's Griselda.* ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() As a result, it was remarkably free of teething problems. A new engine was fast-tracked, its relatively late start allowing it to take advantage of developments proven in the Oldsmobile V8 and Cadillac V8. ![]() When Robert Critchfield took over as general manager in 1952, he launched an ambitious plan to move Pontiac into the upscale, mid-range market occupied by Oldsmobile, and that demanded V8 power. In 1946, it became evident that future styling requirements, coupled with prospects for improved fuels, necessitated the eventual introduction of a more compact, more rigid engine, and an engineering program was initiated with those goals in mind.” Development īy 1949 work on a 287 cu in (4.7 L) OHV V8 had begun, but moved along slowly. In 1955, Pontiac engineers had noted the new engine's long development period, and that styling trends’ constraints upon engine size had been a primary consideration: “The new Pontiac engine is the culmination of nine years of design and development work. The concept car Pontiac Strato-Streak was used to introduce the V8 and in later years the engine was installed in Pontiac products. The results showed Pontiac that an L-head simply couldn't compete with an overhead valve engine.ĭespite their work, the division's conservative management saw no immediate need to replace the Pontiac Straight-8 until later in the 1950s. Pontiac engineers tested their 269 cu in (4.4 L) V8 in 1949 or 1950 against an OHV Oldsmobile Rocket V8 303 cu in (5.0 L) downsized to 270 cu in (4.4 L). They came up with a 269-cubic-inch (4.4 L) L-head design. The development of this V8 dates back to 1946, when engineers began considering new engine designs for postwar cars. ![]() The two inline engines were used through 1954, when Pontiac unveiled its OHV Strato Streak V8 in 1955. In addition to the inline 6, Pontiac used the Oakland V8 for one year, 1932, debuting the Pontiac straight-8 engine in 1933. After outselling Oakland, Pontiac became the sole survivor of the two by 1932. Pontiac successfully competed against more-expensive inline four-cylinder models with their inline flathead six-cylinder engines. Pontiac began as a "companion make" to the Oakland division of the General Motors line of automobiles in 1926. The V8 was phased out in 1981, replaced by GM "corporate engines" such as the Chevrolet 305 cu in small block V8. The crankshaft stroke and main journal size changed among the years with the more popular 389CI and 400CI having a 3.00" diameter main journal and the 421/428/455 sharing a larger 3.25" diameter main journal. Effectively, production Pontiac V8 blocks were externally the same size (326-455) sharing the same connecting rod length 6.625 in (168.3 mm) and journal size of 2.249" (except for the later short deck 301 and 265 produced in the late 1970s and early 1980s before Pontiac adopted universal GM engines). Unusual for a major automaker, Pontiac did not have the customary "small-block" and "big-block" engine families common to other GM divisions, Ford, and Chrysler. In the 1960s the popular 389 cu in (6.4 L) version, which had helped establish the Pontiac GTO as a premier muscle car, was cut in half to produce an unusual, high-torque inline four economy engine, the Trophy 4. Initially marketed as a 287 cu in (4.7 L), it went on to be manufactured in displacements between 265 cu in (4.3 L) and 455 cu in (7.5 L) in carburated, fuel injected, and turbocharged versions. Engine block and cylinder heads were cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations then assembled at Tonawanda Engine before delivery to Pontiac Assembly for installation. The engines feature a cast-iron block and head and two valves per cylinder. The Pontiac V8 engine is a family of overhead valve 90° V8 engines manufactured by the Pontiac Division of General Motors Corporation between 19. ![]() ![]() This is very important for you to play as it will be the foundation on which we will build our slide blues piece. Here is this shape laid out across a 12 bar blues in G. These notes are going to be easy to play with your slide because they all fall within the one fret. The notes that I have highlighted in red form the shape you will target with your slide. This is a root 5 bar chord shape in the positions for G, C, and D, and it is going to form the basis of a little slide guitar blues piece that we are going to play in the key of G. If you want to get into slide guitar playing more, then definitely check out open tunings. While there are some limitations playing this way, it still sounds great and is convenient, as you don’t need to alter your tuning every time you want to play slide guitar. However, in this lesson I want to show you how to approach blues on your guitar with a slide in a standard tuning. This is very useful when using a slide as you can play your bar chords within a single fret. Today I would like to dig into this style of playing a little deeper by looking at some blues slide guitar.Ī lot of slide guitar playing is done in open tunings as it allows you to execute chords with a straight bar. In a previous lesson we had a look at the basic techniques of playing slide guitar on the acoustic. The origin and development of the blues demonstrates the power of music, and how it brings people together.Acoustic Slide Guitar - Blues Slide Guitar The 12 bar blues is truly a timeless genre. As it continued to develop through the 80’s and 90’s until now, it influenced countless artists and genres of music. King’s whole careers were shaped around the blues. Rock guitarists Stevie Ray Vaughn and B.B. Jazz artists like Miles Davis and Charlie Parker took the blues and altered it in many different ways to make it their own. One solo singer would carry the tune, while playing the harmonica or bottle neck slide guitar.Īs the blues progressed, it became adopted by jazz, R&B and eventually rock and pop artists. The earliest form of the blues was called the Delta blues, or country blues. The blues is so simple to sing along with, and easy to memorize. In addition, it also made soloing and improvisation universally understood-often using the blues scale. The recurring chord progression made it approachable for any musician to play along on guitar and harmonica. While tons of chord substitutions and harmonic alterations are possible in the blues, the main elements that led to its popularity are the melody and lyrics. Now that we’ve looked at some of the theory behind the 12 bar blues-let’s explore a little bit of its rich history and the reasons why the chord progression and form is so popular. Get the free MIDI Pack A brief history of the 12 bar blues It finishes off with two bars of C major. Finally, the third segment brings in the G major chord for one bar followed by the F major for one bar. Ils ont donné une touche plus européenne à ce blues originaire des États-Unis en le combinant avec le son du rock britannique. Le blues rock, c’est la combinaison de musique Blues et de musique Rock.Les Rolling Stones ont été l’un des premiers groupes de blues rock à connaître un grand succès. The second segment contains two bars of F major and two bars of C major. Blues rock Partitions, tablatures & accords. The first segment contains four bars of C major. In the key of C, this would be C major, F major and G major. ![]() In its simplest form, it’ll contain the tonic, subdominant and dominant chords. At you will find 22 chords & tabs made by our community and UG professionals. The different melodies of the blues often distinguish different pieces of music.Ī 12 bar blues divides into three four bar segments. Learn how to play 7 songs by Blues easily. The different melodies of the blues often distinguish different pieces of music. Melodies and lyrics often exist along with the harmony. It has a distinct harmonic structure that you can’t miss. The 12 bar blues is a piece of music that exists within 12 bars of music in common time. In this article I’ll break down what the 12 bar blues is, and the different ways to interpret it. If you know basic chords and chord progressions, picking up the blues is pretty easy. It wasn’t long before it became a staple across many genres like jazz, folk, and rock. Everyone wanted to learn and perform the blues. So much so, that it became an infectious musical form. It was such an effective canvas for compelling storytelling. ![]() Workers would often share the blues singing catchy melodies with powerful lyrics. Originating from work songs and spiritual hymns, the blues has been around since the early 1900s. The 12 bar blues is one of the most popular chord progressions in music. ![]() ![]() ![]() For image/video posts we must be able to clearly see the details as well as the larger context! For videos/audio you must include a time stamp. Posts without this additional comment included will be removed.Ħ) Image/Video clarity violation. ![]() This is a discussion board, not Instagram! For image/video posts it is required that you write your question or engage in discussion in the image's frame or as a comment post or both (i.e. Check below for a list of other Music subs where your question may be more appropriate.ĥ) Image/Video comment violation. We’re here to talk about the Music Theory! How relevant a topic may be is up to the discretion of the Mod Team. Questions about Composing, Orchestration, Songwriting, Music Production, Audio Engineering, as well as specific questions about Instruments (playing technique) are best asked on or at least cross posted to other forums. Posts not about Music Theory or Music Theory adjacent topics do not belong here. It's important that we get such posts taken down ASAP, so in addition to reporting, please message the Mod Team if you see someone breaking Rule #3.Ĥ) No off topic posts. Please ask your IRL teacher/tutor for homework help instead. Our subscribers generally dislike this kind of behavior. 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However, please take note of Rule #1 and when reporting be reasonable and fair. The above-listed resources are a thousand times more reliable! Subreddit Rules Please know that Wikipedia and chatGPT are especially bad for music theory topics. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() It will be established in 1972 in The Netherlands by Mr.D. I have a white zebra female and an orange head Gouldian male that appear to have “mated” Both are tending the nest. Crested Zebra Finch was discovered in a petshop in Spain by the ornithologist Hermann Heinzel. Torohov said this on Tuesday, at 2:20 | Reply Let’s cross fingers and wish good luck :))) Wendy said this on Tuesday, at 7:24 | Reply I didnt think they would cross breed, but I have 4 eggs in the nest. Opt for long cages instead of round cages to give your finches plenty of room to fly around. As a general guideline, you need at least 12 cm of aviary length and 6 cm width per additional finch. Torohov said this on Thursday, 9 February 2012 at 4:04 | Reply The minimum recommended size for a pair of zebra finches is 30 inches long x 18 inches wide x 18 inches high (76 x 46 x 46 cm). Wendy said this on Thursday, 9 February 2012 at 2:57 | Reply Will a zebra female breed with a male cut throat? Society finches: up to 4 years, or 10-13 years Zebra finches: 4-7 years, or up to 15 years. Personally, I can attest that neither the Taeniopygia guttata x Neochmia modesta (male) nor Taeniopygia guttata x Poephila acuticauda (female) whom I have kept ever raised offspring.įinchwench said this on Monday, 9 January 2012 at 11:08 | Reply And there is also the case of subspecies crosses: Austrailian x Timor Zebra Finches. The society finch is the only type of finch that doesn’t live in the wild. ![]() It is a popular domesticated finch whose ancestry is the subject of debate. I have read that some siskin hybrids or munia hybrids are fertile. The Society finches Lonchura striata domestica is one of the subspecies of White-rumped Munia. Wales is a real hotbed of zebra finch fanciers. This year was no exception and saw Scottish, Irish and European fanciers all making the journey to Port Talbot. Competition is fierce, with fanciers travelling from farand wide to exhibit. Torohov said this on Sunday, 8 January 2012 at 8:06 | Reply THE Welsh Zebra Finch Society (WZFS) club show is always a must-see event on my show calendar. Pegs said this on Tuesday, 11 January 2011 at 5:34 | ReplyĬan somebody tell about similar hybrids male or female fertility? Some of the most common finches found in Hawaii include the Zebra Finch, Society Finch, and the Common Waxbill. P.S I love those birds, and can you actually buy hybrids in Victoria? According to the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, there are currently over 20 species of finches found in Hawaii. Those birds are absolutely beautiful! How do you breed hybrids? Is it easy, or does it take a long, long time? Just wondering. One of the most distinguishing and fascinating finch features is their diversity of bold, eye-catching colors, which range from subtle gray, brown, and white to bubblegum pink, letterbox red, lavender, and/or cheerful yellow depending on the species.8 Responses to “Estrildine Hybrids: Zowls, Shebras, and Zeberries, O My!” The body type can be rounded or long and slender, and the length of the body falls between 3 and 10 inches. This shape helps the finch to eat nuts and seeds, though some species eat insects, too. Surprisingly, Estrildidae birds are not close relatives of other finch types, though the word “finch” is in the breed names.įinches are small (though some may be categorized as small-to-medium), delicate birds with conical (cone-shaped) bills. These birds are native to the Australasia region and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and include sparrows, weavers, and waxbills. Pet finches typically come from the Estrildidae family, of which there are around 140 species. Given the large number of finch species and how diverse they are, it’s something of a challenge for taxonomists to categorize them all. There are around 240 species of true finches separated into three subfamilies and 50 genera. This guide explores the various finch types bird lovers can raise. Popular pet finch breeds include the domestic Canary, Gouldian Finch, Society Finch, and Zebra Finch, but there are more. There are several finch types, but only a few of these are kept as pets. Finches are small, brightly colored, diverse, and social songbirds that have been capturing the hearts of bird lovers and charming multitudes with their songs for thousands of years. ![]() ![]() ![]() There is also the mackerel tabby, which displays thin, parallel vertical stripes running down the cat’s body. The most common tabby pattern is the classic or blotched tabby, characterized by bold swirling patterns on the cat’s sides. On a closer look, you’ll discover that there are several distinct tabby patterns that can appear on a cat’s coat. Tabby cats can come in a variety of colors, including brown, grey, orange, and cream, making each tabby cat a beautiful and individualistic companion. These patterns often give the appearance of a ‘M’ shape on their forehead, further adding to their unique charm. One of the essential characteristics of a tabby cat is its coat pattern, which consists of stripes, swirls, and dots that adorn their fur. ![]() Today, we examine into the world of tabby cats, known for their distinctive stripes and whirls that set them apart from other feline friends. Your curiosity about the different cat colors and patterns has brought you here. Understanding these genetic mechanisms adds a layer of appreciation for the beauty and uniqueness of these feline companions. The intricate mix of colors in these cats is a testament to the complex interplay of genes that dictate their coat patterns. This is why male calico cats are rare, as they require an extra X chromosome to showcase the calico pattern.Ĭoats of tortoiseshell and calico cats are not only visually appealing but also carry a deeper genetic significance. Recessive genes are only expressed when both copies of the gene are present. A female cat with two X chromosomes can display both colors, creating the calico pattern. ![]() In the case of calico cats, the orange and black color genes are located on the X chromosome. Dominant genes are those that are expressed over recessive genes. ![]() Role of dominant and recessive genes plays a crucial part in determining the coat color of a cat. This unique genetic makeup leads to the striking mix of colors seen in tortoiseshell cats. When it comes to tortoiseshell cats, the presence of both black and orange colors results from the presence of two X chromosomes, one carrying the black color gene and the other carrying the orange color gene. The variation in coat color arises from the interaction of different pigments, primarily eumelanin (black) and pheomelanin (red/yellow). The three primary fur colors in cats are black, orange, and white. Basic Genetics of Cat CoatsĬolors in cats’ coats are determined by genetic factors. Understanding the genetics behind these variations can shed light on how these beautiful feline friends come to be. The How To Tell Difference Between Calico, Tortie, Torbie … cats often leave us in awe with their unique coat patterns. Tortoiseshell cats have a unique coat pattern of mottled colors such as black, orange, and sometimes cream, creating a distinct tri-color look.īackground on Feline Genetics and Coat Colors.Tabby cats have distinct striped, dotted, or swirled patterns on their coat, without the patches of color seen in tortoise shells.Torbie cats have a mix of tabby and tortoise shell coloring, with patchwork patterns of orange, black, and brown.Are Torbie cats recognized as a specific breed by cat fancier associations?.Can Torbie cats have different personalities compared to tabby or tortoiseshell cats?.How do Torbie, tabby, and tortoiseshell cats differ?.Genetic Mutations and Health Implications.Distinguishing Between Torbie, Tabby, and Tortoise Shell Patterns.Differences Between Torbie, Tabby, and Tortoise Shell Cats.Understanding the Tortoise Shell Pattern.Distinct Characteristics of Torbie Cats.The Role of Dominant and Recessive Genes.Background on Feline Genetics and Coat Colors. ![]() ![]() ![]() The timer begins after the scorpion begins to act haywire after being defeated as a piece of debris falls onto the bomb. The timer does not begin until after the scorpion fight, so players don't have to worry about that. This guide will help players understand the differences between selecting the 20-minute bomb or the 30-minute bomb.įor starters, selecting one of these two options comes down to the preference of the player. Avalanche is a group of eco-terrorist tasked with saving the planet from Shinra before all the Mako is gone forever. ![]() Shinra is stealing the world's "Mako", also known as the life energy of the planet. Fun interactions will be triggered between each character as the group the player is a part of, Avalanche, a group tasked with blowing up the reactor to save the world from the greed of the Shinra company. On the way, players will take down members of the Shinra corporation, from foot soldiers to giant, mechanical scorpions. ![]() The player will be making their way through this industrial jungle-gym to the center of the reactor. It's been almost five years in-between its reveal and release date in April. The game was originally revealed back at E3 2015 with positive reception. The demo takes place during the entirety of the first chapter of the game and introduces new combat mechanics and shows the mechanical world of Midgar in its beautifully remade glory. The Final Fantasy 7 Remake recently released a demo for players on the Playstation 4. Here's what each option does in-terms of the story. Final Fantasy 7 Remake provides the player with an option between 20 minutes and a 30 minutes timer. ![]() ![]() The utility of mobile telephone-recorded videos as adjuncts to the diagnosis of seizures and paroxysmal events in children with suspected epileptic seizures 1 (2023)Ĭerebral palsy and its medicolegal implications in low- resource settings – the need to establish causality and revise criteria to implicate intrapartum hypoxia: A narrative review western-cape (accessed ).Īcute obstructive hydrocephalus in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Hospital Level (Adults) Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List. National Department of Health, South Africa. Methylmercury: A potential environmental risk factor contributing to epileptogenesis. MR findings of Minamata disease – organic mercury poisoning. RopperAH,AdamsRD,VictorM,etal.AdamsandVictor’: McGraw-Hill, 2005. Gang battles over abandoned gold mines in South Africa. work_/keysectors/Pages/Mining.aspx#:~:text=The%20major%20gold%20and%20diamond,South%20 Africa’s%20total%20mineral%20production (accessed ). Burden of disease of mercury used in artisanal small-scale gold mining. Abandoned artisanal gold mines in the Brazilian Amazon: A legacy of mercury pollution. Mercury toxicity potential from artisanal and small-scale gold mines in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. (accessed 14 February 2022).Īli M, Hery S, Putri SA. The impact of artisanal mining on rehabilitation efforts of abandoned mine shafts in Sutherland goldfield, South Africa. Mhlongo SE, Amponsah-Dacosta F, Muzerengi C, et al. Chronic neurological disease due to methylmercury poisoning. Percutaneous absorption of mercury vapor by man. Mercury toxicity and treatment: A review of the literature. Mercury hazards from gold mining to humans, plants, and animals. Methylmercury poisoning in Iraq: An interuniversity report. Tokyo: Government of Japan, 2002.īakir F, Damluji SF, Amin Zaki I. īerlinM,ZalupsRK,:Elsevier,2005.Įnvironmental Health Department, Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The toxicology of mercury and its compounds. A prompt diagnosis and the commencement of early chelation therapy have the potential to produce good outcomes. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for mercury poisoning, even in patients with atypical and unilateral or asymmetrical presentations. The neurological manifestations of mercury toxicity are typically symmetrical, whereas our two patients presented with markedly asymmetrical features. Patient 1 responded well to chelation therapy, but patient 2 refused admission and further medical treatment. ![]() Both patients had toxic mercury levels, with no other cause identified for their symptoms. Patient 2 had unilateral cerebellar ataxia. Patient 1 presented with focal seizures, an asymmetrical cerebellar syndrome and an acute encephalopathy. Here we describe the cases of two artisanal gold miners from western Johannesburg, South Africa, who presented with atypical neurological manifestations of mercury toxicity. Mercury is used in the gold mining process, and in artisanal or illicit gold mining, often without necessary protection. Previously described neurological manifestations of mercury toxicity are symmetrical, and include a pancerebellar syndrome, generalised seizures and encephalopathy. ![]() Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal that may cause neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal and dermatological illnesses. Mercury, Toxicity, Miners, Informal, Neurology, Ataxia, Encephalopathy, Seizures Abstract Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africaĭepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ![]() |
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